Naorat S, et al. High prevalence of cryptococcal infection amongst HIV-infected patients hospitalized with pneumonia in Thailand. Clin Infect Dis 54: e4350. 37. Fujimoto H, Suito T, Oyama T . Kyobu Geka 65: 493495. 38. Taniguchi D, Sawada T, Ryu C, Nagayasu T . Kyobu Geka 65: 804807. 39. Kim YS, Lee IH, Kim HS, Jin SS, Lee JH, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis mimicking key lung cancer with a number of lung metastases. Tuberc Respir Dis 73: 182186. 40. Nakamura S, Miyazaki Y, Higashiyama Y, Yanagihara K, Ohno H, et al. Neighborhood acquired pneumonia caused by Cryptococcus neoformans in a healthful person. Scand J Infect Dis 37: 932935. 41. Leenders AC, Reiss P, Portegies P, Clezy K, Hop WC, et al. Liposomal amphotericin B compared with amphotericin B each followed by oral fluconazole in the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. AIDS 11: 14631471. 42. Saag MS, Powderly WG, Cloud GA, Robinson P, Grieco MH, et al. Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the treatment of acute AIDSassociated cryptococcal meningitis. The NIAID Mycoses Study Group and also the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 326: 8389. 43. Powderly WG, Saag MS, Cloud GA, Robinson P, Meyer RD, et al. A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to stop relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group. N Engl J Med 326: 18204824 793798. 44. van der Horst CM, Saag MS, Cloud GA, Hamill RJ, Graybill JR, et al. Therapy of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 337: 1521. 45. Brouwer AE, Rajanuwong A, Chierakul W, Griffin GE, Larsen RA, et al. Combination antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trial. Lancet 363: 17641767. 46. Larsen RA, Leal MA, Chan LS Fluconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 113: 183187. 47. Netea MG, Brouwer AE, Hoogendoorn EH, Van der Meer JW, Koolen M, et al. Two patients with cryptococcal meningitis and idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia: defective cytokine production and reversal by recombinant interferon- gamma therapy. Clin Infect Dis 39: e8387. 48. Coenjaerts FE, van der Flier M, Mwinzi PN, Brouwer AE, Scharringa J, et al. Intrathecal production and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in the course of Cryptococcal Meningitis. J Infect Dis 190: 13101317. 49. Chen SC, Korman TM, Slavin MA, Marriott D, Byth K, et al. Antifungal therapy and management of complications of cryptococcosis due to Cryptococcus gattii. Clin Infect Dis 57: 543551. 50. Walraven CJ, Gerstein W, Hardison SE, Wormley F, Lockhart SR, et al. Fatal ��-Sitosterol ��-D-glucoside web disseminated Cryptococcus gattii infection in New Mexico. PLoS A single six: e28625. 51. McCulloh RJ, Phillips R, Ideal JR, Byrnes EJ, 3rd, 4EGI-1 cost Heitman J, et al. Cryptococcus gattii genotype VGI infection in New England. Pediatr Infect Dis J 30: 11111114. 7 ~~ ~~ Transport proteins are membrane channels and molecular pumps to facilitate exchange of ions, small molecules, macromolecules, and drugs across membranes. The movement of biochemical compound via membrane is crucial to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients, neurotransmitters, and drugs. The dynamic partnerships of transporter with other signaling molecules in.Naorat S, et al. Higher prevalence of cryptococcal infection among HIV-infected sufferers hospitalized with pneumonia in Thailand. Clin Infect Dis 54: e4350. 37. Fujimoto H, Suito T, Oyama T . Kyobu Geka 65: 493495. 38. Taniguchi D, Sawada T, Ryu C, Nagayasu T . Kyobu Geka 65: 804807. 39. Kim YS, Lee IH, Kim HS, Jin SS, Lee JH, et al. Pulmonary cryptococcosis mimicking major lung cancer with several lung metastases. Tuberc Respir Dis 73: 182186. 40. Nakamura S, Miyazaki Y, Higashiyama Y, Yanagihara K, Ohno H, et al. Community acquired pneumonia brought on by Cryptococcus neoformans inside a healthy individual. Scand J Infect Dis 37: 932935. 41. Leenders AC, Reiss P, Portegies P, Clezy K, Hop WC, et al. Liposomal amphotericin B compared with amphotericin B both followed by oral fluconazole inside the treatment of AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis. AIDS 11: 14631471. 42. Saag MS, Powderly WG, Cloud GA, Robinson P, Grieco MH, et al. Comparison of amphotericin B with fluconazole in the therapy of acute AIDSassociated cryptococcal meningitis. The NIAID Mycoses Study Group as well as the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 326: 8389. 43. Powderly WG, Saag MS, Cloud GA, Robinson P, Meyer RD, et al. A controlled trial of fluconazole or amphotericin B to prevent relapse of cryptococcal meningitis in patients together with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The NIAID AIDS Clinical Trials Group and Mycoses Study Group. N Engl J Med 326: 18204824 793798. 44. van der Horst CM, Saag MS, Cloud GA, Hamill RJ, Graybill JR, et al. Therapy of cryptococcal meningitis linked to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Illnesses Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group. N Engl J Med 337: 1521. 45. Brouwer AE, Rajanuwong A, Chierakul W, Griffin GE, Larsen RA, et al. Mixture antifungal therapies for HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis: a randomised trial. Lancet 363: 17641767. 46. Larsen RA, Leal MA, Chan LS Fluconazole compared with amphotericin B plus flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 113: 183187. 47. Netea MG, Brouwer AE, Hoogendoorn EH, Van der Meer JW, Koolen M, et al. Two individuals with cryptococcal meningitis and idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia: defective cytokine production and reversal by recombinant interferon- gamma therapy. Clin Infect Dis 39: e8387. 48. Coenjaerts FE, van der Flier M, Mwinzi PN, Brouwer AE, Scharringa J, et al. Intrathecal production and secretion of vascular endothelial development element throughout Cryptococcal Meningitis. J Infect Dis 190: 13101317. 49. Chen SC, Korman TM, Slavin MA, Marriott D, Byth K, et al. Antifungal therapy and management of complications of cryptococcosis on account of Cryptococcus gattii. Clin Infect Dis 57: 543551. 50. Walraven CJ, Gerstein W, Hardison SE, Wormley F, Lockhart SR, et al. Fatal disseminated Cryptococcus gattii infection in New Mexico. PLoS One particular six: e28625. 51. McCulloh RJ, Phillips R, Best JR, Byrnes EJ, 3rd, Heitman J, et al. Cryptococcus gattii genotype VGI infection in New England. Pediatr Infect Dis J 30: 11111114. 7 ~~ ~~ Transport proteins are membrane channels and molecular pumps to facilitate exchange of ions, little molecules, macromolecules, and drugs across membranes. The movement of biochemical compound by way of membrane is vital to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nutrients, neurotransmitters, and drugs. The dynamic partnerships of transporter with other signaling molecules in.
