Ltages.1.two.3.four.5 014 cm-1.2.3.four.five 014 cm-1.two.three.4.5 014 cm-(a)(b)(c)1.2.three.four.five 014 cm-1.two.three.4.5 014 cm-(d)(e)Figure 13.13. Spatial distribution on the CO2density for times (a) 22ms, (b) 6 ms, (c) 10 ms, (d) 14 ms, and (e) 1818 ms for the Figure Spatial distribution with the CO2 density for instances (a) ms, (b) six ms, (c) ten ms, (d) 14 ms, and (e) ms for the reactor at 22 22 kV AC voltage and 1 cm distancebetween electrodes. reactor at kV AC voltage and 1 cm distance between electrodes.The maximum values in the maximum values in the CO22 density were identified DMPO Chemical inside the metallic inlet/outlet CO density have been found inside the metallic inlet/outlet pipes. The optimistic ions accumulated this zone simply because they did not move toward the pipes. The constructive ions accumulated inin this zone since they didn’t move toward the electrodes towards the low electric field inside the pipes. Nonetheless, the CO ion is definitely an electrodes due due to the low electric field insidethe pipes. Nevertheless, the CO2 two ion is an unstable species and can be rapidly recombined with electrons damaging ions O2 – 2- unstable species and will be speedily recombined with electrons oror adverse ions Oto to convert CO and O, and/or O [48]. convert toto CO andO, and/or O2 two [48].Density of Neutral Species CO, O, and O2.Density of Neutral Species CO, O, and OThe densities of the neutral species CO and O generated inside the plasma discharge The densities with the neutral species CO and O generated inside the plasma discharge medium from the created AC-PPP reactor at times 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18 ms are presented medium with the and 15. These neutral species have been produced14, and 18powered electrode in in Figures 14 developed AC-PPP reactor at times 2, six, ten, near the ms are presented Figures 14 and 15. These neutral species were developed near unfavorable voltage. This in the course of the good voltage plus the ground electrode through the the powered electrode through the constructive voltage plus the close to the electrodes,duringproduced the dissociation was resulting from the higher electron density ground electrode which the unfavorable voltage. This and attachment processes with the neutral species in these regions. was resulting from the high electron density close to the electrodes, which developed the dissociation The maximum values of neutral O densities are equal to and attachment processes with the CO andspecies in these regions. 4.7 1011 cm-3 and two.3 1011 cm-3 , respectively. The maximum CO density is greater than O because this molecule is developed by two mechanisms, electron impact dissociation (reaction 7 and 9) and electron dissociative attachment (reaction 15). CO is usually a somewhat stable molecule that may recombine with O and O- to kind new CO2 when the residence time is higher [48]. On the other hand, the O atoms recombine promptly into oxygen molecules, O2 and/or ozone, O3 . Oxygen molecules, O2 , are formed mainly by the reaction of oxygen atoms using the CO2 gas by means of neutral dissociation and 3-body recombination, reactions 17 and 20, respectively. Figure 16 shows the model results on the spatial distribution of the O2 density at occasions two, 6, ten, 14, and 18 ms. The maximum values of this density correspond to positions exactly where O and CO2 densities are Fmoc-Gly-Gly-OH Biological Activity larger.Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 10047 Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, x FOR PEER Review Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW20 of 25 20 of 25 20 of124011 cm-3 011 cm-124011 cm-3 011 cm-(a) (a)(b) (b)12(c) (c)34011 cm-3 011 cm-124011 cm-3 011 cm-124011 cm-3 011 cm-(d) (d)(e) (e)Figure 14. Spatial distribution of the CO de.
